This section examines the psychological and cultural roots of dystopian thought.

: Traces the prehistory of "enemies" through early concepts of monsters, the devil, witchcraft, and religious persecution. Part II: Totalitarianism and Dystopia

A historical analysis of real-world "dystopian moments" in the 20th century.

: Traces the development of totalitarianism from the French Revolution's Jacobinism to the rise of Stalinism.

The book defines dystopia as a "spectrum of sociability" dominated by fear, paranoia, and the demonisation of "enemies," serving as the psychological and social counterpart to utopia’s ideal of enhanced friendship.