Occurs after an initial disturbance; the system oscillates at its natural frequency without external force.
A theoretical condition where no energy is lost, and the system continues to oscillate indefinitely. 3. Key Components & Modeling Mass ( ): Inertia component resisting acceleration. Spring ( ): Elastic component providing restoring force, modeled by (Hooke's Law). Damper ( ): Energy dissipation element (e.g., shock absorber). mechanical vibration
Energy is gradually dissipated (by friction or resistance), causing vibration amplitude to decrease over time. Occurs after an initial disturbance; the system oscillates