A standard pilot report ( PIREP ) for turbulence must include several critical data points to ensure air traffic control (ATC) and other aircraft have a clear picture of the conditions:
Aircraft is tossed violently; practically impossible to control. Potential for structural damage to the airframe. Reports must also specify how often the bumps occur: Occasional: Less than 1/3 of the time. Intermittent: 1/3 to 2/3 of the time. Continuous: More than 2/3 of the time. 4. Common Types of Turbulence
Occupants forced violently against belts; walking is impossible. turbulence
Whether the turbulence occurred in clouds or clear air (CAT). 2. Intensity Classifications
Crucial because "severe" turbulence for a small Cessna might only be "light" for a large Airbus A380 . A standard pilot report ( PIREP ) for
Turbulence is officially categorized into four intensity levels based on its effect on the aircraft and occupants: Aircraft Reaction Occupant/Cabin Effect Slight, erratic changes in altitude or attitude. Slight strain against seat belts; liquids may splash. Moderate More intense changes; aircraft remains in positive control. Definite strain against belts; unsecured objects dislodge. Severe Large, abrupt changes; momentary loss of control.
Understanding the cause helps in formulating an accurate report and choosing an avoidance strategy: Chapter 8. FAA Weather Services Intermittent: 1/3 to 2/3 of the time
The Flight Level (FL) or altitude range where the air is disturbed.